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Summary Coffee producers have long processed coffee in three main ways: washed, natural and honey. Since the 2010s, specialty producers have also experimented with controlled fermentation, especially in sealed, low-oxygen tanks. The best-known methods are anae...

Wet vs Dry Processing: The Two Original Coffee Methods Before honey processing, anaerobic fermentation, or any modern processing variant existed, coffee was processed in just two ways: dry (also called natural) and wet (also called washed). These two methods a...

Coffee Roasting Levels: Light, Medium, Dark — and Why It Matters Roast level is one of the three biggest variables that determine how coffee tastes — alongside origin and brewing method. Roasting transforms raw green coffee beans through carefully controlled h...

Summary A burr grinder crushes coffee between two hard, ridged surfaces called burrs. The two main burr shapes are conical, a cone turning inside a ring, and flat, two parallel rings facing each other. Measurements with laser particle analysers show that every...

AeroPress: The Travel Brewer's Complete Guide Photo: Bean Poet / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0. The AeroPress is the most beloved coffee brewer of the modern era. Invented in 2005 by Stanford engineering professor Alan Adler — who also invented the Aerobie f...

A hand coffee grinder taken apart, its catch cup of fresh grounds, and whole beans on a stainless-topped digital scale with tare and time buttons and a blank display. Photo: SHVETS production / Pexels, Pexels License. A coffee scale looks simple: put something...

Photo: Doğu Tuncer / Pexels, Pexels License. A gooseneck kettle is not an aesthetic choice. The narrow, curved spout exists for one reason — it gives you absolute control over where, how fast, and how thinly water lands on a coffee bed — and once you understan...

Photo: www.Pixel.la Free Stock Photos / Wikimedia Commons, CC0. Coffee is more than 98 percent water by weight, and the chemistry of that water determines how much of the coffee actually ends up in the cup. Two brewers using the same beans, the same grinder, t...

The French press is the most forgiving and the most misunderstood brewer in coffee. Done badly, it produces the muddy, bitter cup that gives French press its bad reputation. Done with the technique modernized over the last decade, it produces a sweet, full-bod...

Cold brew is not iced coffee. Cold brew is coffee extracted slowly in cold water over twelve to twenty-four hours, producing a concentrate that is fundamentally different in chemistry, flavor, and acidity from any hot-brewed coffee chilled after the fact. Unde...

The Coffee Encyclopedia is a free reference work on coffee, with particular depth on Puerto Rico. This page sets out how it is written, how claims are checked, and what readers can expect from it. It exists because a reference work is only as good as its metho...

Articles in this encyclopedia are reviewed continuously. When an error is confirmed, the article is corrected. Many articles list their sources and the date those sources were last checked. To report an error, write to Encyclopedia@PuertoRicoCoffeeShop.com. Co...

Thanksgiving is a national holiday in the United States and in Puerto Rico, held on the fourth Thursday of November; in 2026 it falls on Thursday, 26 November. In Puerto Rico and in the Kona district of Hawaii, the holiday arrives during the coffee harvest. Ot...